Strengths In The Weight Bearing Ankles Of Young Women Essays

Strengths In The Weight Bearing Ankles Of Young Women Ottaviani, Robert A. (2001) Inversion and Eversion Strengths in the Weight bearing Ankles of Young Women. American Journal of Sports Medicine. Ankle injuries rank as the most common injury in athletics today, and compared to men, women basketball players are 25 % to 60% more susceptible to spraining their ankles. The article began by hypothesizing that this rate is so high in women, because ankle-strength is due to an inversion-eversion muscle strength ratio that is associated with ankle injuries. And past experiments have proven that women, on average, have less muscle strength at the ankle than men. It was stated that this experiment was conducted for three reasons; Nonweight bearing studies tend to underestimate inversion and eversion strengths, no studies of inversion or eversion strengths have been reported in womens ankles bearing full body weight, and there are no sex comparisons of inversion and eversion strength in the ankle. Also, they wanted to see if there was a relation between ankle strength and shoe type. The experimenters tested the strength in the degree of the inward and outward motion of the ankle, and i f shoe height would affect ankle strength development. They took twenty young women that were relatively the same height and weight and normally wore a size 8 shoe. The women were then scaled from 0 to10, based on self-reported habitual physical activity. Zero denoted inactivity and ten denoted sports at the Division I collegiate level. The data shows that the womens active range was measured with a goniometer. Their ankle strength in dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and inversion-eversion was tested by using an isokenetic dyanometer, and other strength tests. The results showed that both shoe height and ankle plantar flexion did not affect eversion movement development. Which meant that eversion strength was not affected by shoe type. This data was then compared to another experiment that used the same methods but was tested on males and found that there are no significant sex differences, and found that in young healthy adults that ankle strength is proportional to body size. When I went over all the information in the article, I found that the experiment was conducted very well, and that the results found are dependable. For example, the control group was constant, and the variables were defined to what the experimenters were looking for, such as the degree of dorsiflexion in the ankle. Also, the experimenters found women that have not had an ankle injury for prior to six months before the experiment. Therefore, they can cut down on any factors that can alter the results of their testing. I found only one problem with the experiment. The volunteers had to report their own habits of physical activity. I believe this is a problem, because the experiment depends on if the volunteers tell the truth. This article is relevant to the field of athletic training because it has to do with the effects of flexion and muscle strength to perform an activity. An athletic trainer must know what his/her athletes are susceptible to when the athletes are playing a sport. If a certain athlete has sprained his/ her ankle before then the athletic trainer must keep a watchful eye because that athlete would be more prone to injuring his self/ herself again. Also, if a basketball player is wear the wrong kind of shoes it causes stress on the lateral ligament of the ankle that results in inversion of the foot and a sprained ankle. So the athletic trainer must be aware of what is the cause and result of ankle injuries. I chose this article because I used to play basketball in high school and sprained my ankle really bad, because I had weak ankles. I ended up with a second-degree sprain that took forever to recover from. And when I did, my balance was off and I was uncoordinated. So I thought this article would help me understand how that happened to me, and what could have cause it. Sports and Games

The Policy of Fair Chance in Organ Transplant

The Policy of Fair Chance in Organ Transplant Since human organs are very expensive and scarce, the circumstances surrounding successful organ transplant that does not follow an ethical criteria raises more questions than answers. Since the organs are very few and expensive, it is obvious that not many people in need will be able to acquire them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Policy of â€Å"Fair Chance† in Organ Transplant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, if finding an organ for transplant were determined by the patient, then only the rich would benefit from organ transplant. To avoid biasness, the United Network for Organ Sharing unified lists of surgery patients and suggested allocation criteria. Another alternative is for each transplant centre to keep its own wait list based on UNOS criteria. From the case study, it is vivid that Krimptiz’s quest for and eventual success in getting a liver transplant is unethical since it violat es UNOS allocation criteria. This essay reflects on this situation and illustrates how this procedure failed to meet expectations. The UNOS selection criteria recommend the use of a list of organ transplant patients according to the urgency of the transplant needed. The criteria also requires that â€Å"one gets a quick transplant only if there are no other patients near that transplant centre in a more urgent situation† (Moon, 2002). Krampitz and his wife avoided the criteria because he knew that there are more urgent cases than his. The case reports that there were 17000 patients requiring similar transplant, of which more than a thousand came from his place. He therefore used media to get a willing liver donor. Reflecting on this issue, one can justifiably conclude that Kramptitz’s transplant was unethical since it ignored the plight of other patients who were probably in a worse condition than his. Prior to the transplant, Krampitz’s case did not make any ur gency considerations. It reveals that even though he genuinely needed a liver transplant, his case was not as serious as others’. Some patients in a similar condition were near to death than he really was. Besides, it is evident that his cancerous state was so serious that making a transplant work for him was impossible (Caplan, 2004). In other words there was a high likelihood that the kidney transplant would fail. Knowing well that there were so many other patients out there whose transplant had no fatal complications like his, it was quite unethical for Krampitz’s doctor making the liver transplant.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knowing that UNOS criteria would delay his quest for an immediate surgery, Krampitz decides to use non medical criteria to get a liver for his transplant. He uses ads, television and other means to inform the public about his conditio n and invite any well wisher to donate their liver (Caplan, 2004). One could argue that through ads, they could convince more people to donate and help other patients in a similar condition but this is not true. Their primary goal was to convince a family to donate a liver directly to Krampitz instead of a transplant center. Based on this, one can justifiably conclude that this move was unethical since it was based on personal interest. In addition, it neglected the policy of â€Å"fair chance† in getting a liver for transplant. Krampitz’s quest and eventual success in getting a liver transplant is unethical. It neglects the UNOS organ allocation criteria by cutting the line. It is also egocentric because it is based on personal interest and neglects other patients in a more critical condition. Munson (2002, 56), states that for organ distributive justice to prevail, people should follow the UNOS allocation criteria or use non medical criteria beneficial to all patient s in a similar condition. References Caplan, A. (2004). Cutting in line for Organ Transplants. Web. Moon, L. (2002). Organ Allocation. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Policy of â€Å"Fair Chance† in Organ Transplant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Munson, R. (2002). Raising the Dead. New York: Oxford University Press.

Write about the auteur style A rose for Emily by william Faulkner , Essay

Write about the auteur style A rose for Emily by william Faulkner , talk about the auteur style and meanning - Essay Example Faulkner’s style also captures the social hierarchy within the city. It is on account of Emily’s high social status that her tax evasions are tolerated and her privileged lifestyle permitted. The epitome of this is when the town police pour lime around Emily’s house to absorb the foul smell emanating, instead of actually going inside and investigating. Faulkner uses tragic irony in this powerful short story. Although outwardly Emily is a privileged and honoured person, her personal life is one of turmoil. The nature of her reclusive final few years is tragically revealed when the locked secret room of hers is broken open. There is the shocking image of Homer’s decomposed body, alongside which Emily had been sleeping during her reclusive years. Faulkner’s style thus employs shock to evoke emotive and make the reader realize the import of the scene. Finally, Faulkner’s style can be said to be terse and to the point, making his story well-crafted. There is no use of flamboyant or flowery language. Complying with rules for a well-made short story, A Rose for Emily the circumstances and details are carefully constructed to have maximum impact at the time of the plot’s resolution. In this case, it is that moment when people break open Emily’s secret chamber and discover the tragedy behind her

Proposal & Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal & Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example major aspect consisting of the effects of the potentially more economical and eco-friendly cars, including hybrid supercars, hybrid everyday cars, and electrical cars. Week 8: Find and visit any local manufacturers of new generation cars where I will ask questions about the relevant details regarding the environmental friendliness of the cars. Annotate the bibliography. This book is very essential for my research on the new generation of cars purposefully because it is the seventh report that the National Research Council has carried with the aim of creating more partnerships for the new generation of cars. Prospects indicate that the book composes of concrete data based on the progress of automobile programs and gives the reader more than just insights into the subject. As such, it will facilitate my research given that it has corporative research findings and developmental programs from the largest manufacturers of cars such as Ford Motor Company and General Motors. This review offers greater knowledge into the concepts behind the ongoing hybridization of the automobile world. In its preview, the book considers the essence of providing readers and researchers a base for advent knowledge on where these manufacturers of hybrid cars get their financial support. Additionally, the book offers an interdisciplinary nature of hybrid electric cars, which fall under the category of the new generation cars. With a wide range of findings and observations made and documented by very competent researchers from the National Research Council, this book offers a structural composition of the measures the users of the new generation of cars have to consider when using them. With that respect, this book is essential for this research, as it will provide a basis for understanding the level of eco-friendliness offered by these new generations of cars. Perhaps unwittingly, the tagline of this book makes it understandable that the new generation of cars requires to be not only

Anlysis of the Lincoln Electric Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anlysis of the Lincoln Electric Company - Essay Example The availability and prices for raw materials are subject to volatility and are affected by global economic conditions, speculative action, world supply and demand balances, inventory levels, availability of substitute materials, currency exchange rates, anticipated shortages and other factors. Other economic factors include exchange rate fluctuations and limits on the repatriation of monies (The Lincoln Electric Company online). Sociological factors affecting the industry include the absence of trained labor pools as young skilled labor pursue cleaner and safer jobs (Brat, 2006). On the technological front, increasing power ratings and continued improvements in beam quality and processes, such as remote welding, are expected to increase revenues. Advances in solid-state laser technology, including disc lasers and fiber lasers, are expected to foster growth trends (Frost & Sullivan online). In the environmental environment, the industry increasingly faces complicated environmental re gulations including those concerning air and water emissions and waste management. Lastly, factors in the legal environment that could affect the cutting and welding industry are lawsuits pressed by plaintiffs who develop neurological conditions caused by exposure to manganese contained in welding consumables. This industry also faces risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that accidents or failures on projects result in bodily injury or property damage. Also, this industry is required to comply with a wide variety of conflicting foreign laws and regulations, import and export limitations, and exchange controls (The Lincoln Electric Company online). The intensity of rivalry in the cutting and welding industry is high. Lincoln Electric operates in a highly competitive global environment and competes with other broad line manufacturers and numerous smaller competitors specializing in particular products. Moreover, in the past decade, the United States arc welding industry faced fiercer foreign competition as low cost imports became more readily available. This foreign competition intensifies as the U.S. dollar depreciates in relation to other currencies. Suppliers have high bargaining power. The main raw material used in the cutting and welding industry is steel. Since 2003, the price of steel has increased substantially and there have been periodic shortages due to worldwide economic factors, including increased demand for construction materials in developing nations such as China and India. Customers have high bargaining power. The customers of the cutting and welding industry are the manufacturing and industrial sectors (The Li ncoln Electric Company online). The cutting and welding industry is fragmented and faces a consolidating end-user base. The barriers to entry are high. Rising labor costs and the decrease in the number of skilled welders together with the increased demand for high-precision welding is set to drive the adoption of welding robots. A sizeable capital investment is required to install automated equipment (Frost & Sullivan online). The threat of substitutes is low. Welding is still the dominant method of joining metals today (Lab Safety Supply online; The Lincoln Electric Company online). Lincoln Electric has a culture of innovation, technological leadership, and employee focus, which are also its strengths. Recognized as the "welding experts", Lincoln Electric provides leading technology

United States and South Korea Policies Essay -- Foreign Policy

The United States (US) and the Republic of South Korea (ROK) has had several significant policy agreements and disagreements between each other for several decades after the Korean War. During President George W. Bush’s tenure in office at the White House, a couple key policy agreements between the US and ROK came to light, such as President Kim Dae Jung’s â€Å"Sunshine Policy1† officially known as the Policy of Reconciliation and Cooperation toward North Korea. The Sunshine Policy did not fare to well with Bush’s administration and they considered Kim naà ¯ve and completely annulled the Policy all together. This was due to the ROK’s passive stance on North Korea’s ongoing nuclear program. The title of â€Å"The Sunshine Policy† originates from a fable told by Aesop called, â€Å"The North Wind and the Sun2.† This fable is how the sun and the wind competed with each other to take off a man’s coat. Eventually, the sun won this challenge by just using his sunlight on the man, caused the man to become hot, which resulted in him taking off his coat. On the other hand, the wind used his brute force in an attempt to blow off the man’s coat, which only had him hold on to it tighter. This analogy was to compare the hard and soft approaches of power to counter the North Korean threat to the ROK and the rest of the world. Kim led the way to culminate and drive the ROK towards a bilateral forum between North and South Korea, which eventually held place in Pyongyang in 2000 between the two leaders of the Korean peninsula. The policy bears six characteristics to be used accordingly with North Korea3: 1. â€Å"First it is a policy with historical precedence in its favor.† Policies that attempted to utilize a hard approach in seceding authoritarian... ...a/1999/reunification22.html Assessed May 11, 2012. Syner, Scott A. â€Å"South Korea’s Roh Moo hyun: An Impossible Idealist.† Council of Foreign Relations, May 23, 2009. Web: http://www.cfr.org/south-korea/south-koreas-roh-moo-hyun-impossible-idealist/p19487 Assessed May 6, 2012. United States Institute of Peace. â€Å"Six-Party Talks: Defining a Roadmap for Success.† Web: http://www.usip.org/publications/six-party-talks-defining-realistic-roadmap-success Assessed May 10, 2012. Wald, Mary. â€Å"Kim Dae Jung: A Hero for Peace.† Huff Post World, August 18, 2009. Web: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-wald/kim-dae-jung-a-hero-for-p_b_262296.html Assessed May 10, 2012. Yang, Sung Chul. â€Å"South Korea’s Sunshine Policy.† Asiansociety.org, December 4, 2000. Web: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan005966.pdf Assessed May 7, 2012.

Jamcracker Questions Essay

The factors that drive the ASPs emergence are )Increasing cost of specialized software that have far exceeded the price range of small-medium businesses. 2)Usual urgency of a company to set up a IT capability internally – which is similar to the infrastructure already used/developed by many companies 3)Less investment for the base functionalities (which are provided by ASP) of an IT firm 4)Companies’ urge to support their services 24*7 unlike the traditional business operations 5)Optimizing the number of IT staff inside the organization so that some of the required functionalities could be cosourced or outsourced to an ASP 6)Companies’ move towards mobile workforce Q2) How does Jamcracker fit in the ASP space? Explain the Jamcracker business model. Jamcracker’s business model was based on the ASP concept. But it wasn’t exactly the ASP. Rather, Jamcracker cooperated with ASP partners to combine application services through its enterprise IT management platform – â€Å"Jamcracker Enterprise†- into comprehensive offerings, including technical support and billing. For example, an ASP that provided an email application and another that provided desktop productivity application could, via Jamcracker technology, appear to the customer as an integrated service package. Customers could pick and choose from an â€Å"a la carte† menu of the applications in the virtual â€Å"ASP cafeteria†. Jam cracker would then provide those application services in a â€Å"IT department in a box†. This implies that the customer would maintain a single contractual relationship with the Jamcracker rather than numerous relationships with specialized ASPs. Users would login to the Jamcracker platform once rather than separately onto each of the ASP platform. Jamcracker’s Business Model The above explained â€Å"ASP Aggregation† methodology accomplished by Jamcracker solved problems inherent in the traditional ASP approach such as high customer acquisition cost, conflict between breadth of ASP offerings and scale economies and Data sharing. Revenues -The monthly fees that the customers paid for using Jamcracker’s Enterprise -A modest setup fee -Per-user-per-month fee for access to Jamcracker service infrastructure Reason: Network Effect Customers get the suppliers and the suppliers in turn get the customers – which could get a better deal for the customers from the suppliers and a lower cost of distribution for the suppliers – and end as a virtuous cycle for all the involved parties. Mainly Targeted Areas before targeting the huge clients such as â€Å"fortune 500† -The midsized â€Å"unfortunate 5000† companies since they cant afford huge IT investments and hence would go f$or ASPs -simple applications such as email, expense reporting etc web-native applications Q3) Identify critical challenges that Jamcracker must address to create a credible and sustainable business model. The following challenges must be addressed by Jamcracker to sustain in their business model. -Reselling and branding issues should be considered in a case-by-case manner and not as a whole -Educating its customers in the details of the new ASP ntegrator approach to reduce their IT investments -Making the existing ASP integrator infrastructure more robust as the business grew rapidly -Need for professional services that would help and support its customers to convert their legacy data to ASP based system which would easily confide their trust in ASPs and in Jamcracker through which the customers would avail the ASP integrator services from Jamcracker over the long run. -Addressing the customer’s concerns over the ASP model’s service levels, data security and privacy so that the customers would feel secured with the ASP technology.